Krikri::PluginHelpers::UrlMask

ansible-core 2.21's module_utils/urls.py mask_url(): the URL's userinfo (username, and password when there is one) is replaced with "****" everywhere a module reports a url: back, so credentials typed into a task stop leaking into module output.

Exactly like the Python original this is a plain string replace on the netloc, using the RAW userinfo text (Python's urlparse does not decode %XX there, so neither does this): a URL whose userinfo does not literally appear is returned byte for byte, as is one without any userinfo at all.